mean_absolute_error

mean_absolute_error(y_true, y_pred, horizon_weight=None, multioutput='uniform_average', **kwargs)

Mean absolute error (MAE).

MAE output is non-negative floating point. The best value is 0.0.

MAE is on the same scale as the data. Because MAE takes the absolute value of the forecast error rather than squaring it, MAE penalizes large errors to a lesser degree than MSE or RMSE.

Parameters:

y_truepd.Series, pd.DataFrame or np.array of shape (fh,) or (fh, n_outputs) where fh is the forecasting horizon

Ground truth (correct) target values.

y_predpd.Series, pd.DataFrame or np.array of shape (fh,) or (fh, n_outputs) where fh is the forecasting horizon

Forecasted values.

horizon_weightarray-like of shape (fh,), default=None

Forecast horizon weights.

multioutput{‘raw_values’, ‘uniform_average’} or array-like of shape (n_outputs,), default=’uniform_average’

Defines how to aggregate metric for multivariate (multioutput) data. If array-like, values used as weights to average the errors. If ‘raw_values’, returns a full set of errors in case of multioutput input. If ‘uniform_average’, errors of all outputs are averaged with uniform weight.

Returns:

lossfloat or ndarray of floats

MAE loss. If multioutput is ‘raw_values’, then MAE is returned for each output separately. If multioutput is ‘uniform_average’ or an ndarray of weights, then the weighted average MAE of all output errors is returned.

See also

median_absolute_error

mean_squared_error

median_squared_error

geometric_mean_absolute_error

geometric_mean_squared_error

References

Hyndman, R. J and Koehler, A. B. (2006). “Another look at measures of forecast accuracy”, International Journal of Forecasting, Volume 22, Issue 4.

Examples

>>> from aeon.performance_metrics.forecasting import mean_absolute_error
>>> y_true = np.array([3, -0.5, 2, 7, 2])
>>> y_pred = np.array([2.5, 0.0, 2, 8, 1.25])
>>> mean_absolute_error(y_true, y_pred)
0.55
>>> y_true = np.array([[0.5, 1], [-1, 1], [7, -6]])
>>> y_pred = np.array([[0, 2], [-1, 2], [8, -5]])
>>> mean_absolute_error(y_true, y_pred)
0.75
>>> mean_absolute_error(y_true, y_pred, multioutput='raw_values')
array([0.5, 1. ])
>>> mean_absolute_error(y_true, y_pred, multioutput=[0.3, 0.7])
0.85